Focus Groups Role in Research Essay - 1176 Words

It has been decided to focus on to explain on a personal experience whereby focus groups produced positive or negative information hence anticipated as of other types of research. The importance of Focus groups providing better, or worse, information this is highlighted by Pitt-Catsouphes et al, 2006 (p.365) who states that focus groups â€Å"offers the advantage of creating inductive insight, and these insights can then be later used in the development of quantitatively instruments such as surveys†, Duarte et al, (2006, pg.202) adds that researchers may still disagree on the members emphasis. Four main aspects Focus groups will be discussed. First, a personal experienced researched focus group conducted in a lecture. Following that, the†¦show more content†¦Experience has shown that smaller groups may be dominated by one or two members of the group, while larger groups are difficult to manage and inhibit participation by all members of the group†. This definition could also be supported by Morgan 1997 (p.2) who mentions that â€Å"focus groups are basically group interviewers, although not in the sense of an alternation between a researcher’s questions and the researcher participant’s responses. Instead, the reliance is on interaction within the group, based on topics that are supplied by the researcher who typically takes the role of the moderator†. A focus group discussion was conduct in our lecture whereby the moderator was testing the public (students) opinion on a more intimate level toward a sum of different members of Parliament. I would like to clarify that this was not a classic focus group but a practical one. As it was not a classical one, the information which was delivered was quite true and some were not of serious however more of a mockery. There were positive as well as negative. The positive one was that people where open to express they opinions which were intimate freely, everyone came up with different opinion that was accurate and the rest of the group seemed to have agreed on, the group was not undecided. As for theShow MoreRelatedFocus Groups Are More Than Just Interviews1512 Words   |  7 PagesFocus Groups are more than just Interviews Focus groups are known to have existing before WW11, however, it was in the 1940’s sociologist Robert Merton embraced and pioneered the qualitative research method of focus groups. Merton’s study observed and recorded the effects of educational propaganda and conditioning on troop morale. Nonetheless, it wasn’t until the 1980’s, focus groups were rediscovered and became a common method of qualitative research within social sciences. Subsequently, more studiesRead MoreThe Benefits Of Kangaroo Care1629 Words   |  7 Pages Jessica Plimpton FCS 497: Intro to Research Methods Fall 2015 The Benefits of Kangaroo Care for Fathers with an Infant in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU): Educational, Emotional and Paternal Role Support. Introduction Take a second to imagine you are a father, who has an infant admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) for the first time. How are you feeling? Afraid? Confused, even? If your baby is admitted to the NICU, your first question probably will be:Read MoreSocial Isolation Of The Elderly Essay1408 Words   |  6 Pagesreported to be associated with poor physical and psychological health among older adults (Findlay, 2003; Pettigrew, 2007). Additionally, social isolation also affects an individual’s well-being (Victor et al., 2000). Over the past 40 years, consistent research has been done on well-being of the elderly to reduce social isolation. 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Merit M1: Compare marketing techniques used in marketing products in two organisations M2: Explain the limitations of marketing research used to contribute to the development ofRead MoreData Collection Techniques And Methods1316 Words   |  6 PagesData Collection Techniques Staci Shockley Applied Research LS 698-01 Kaplan University September 21, 2015 Running head: DATA COLLECTION TECHNIQUES 1 DATA COLLECTION TECHNIQUES 4 DATA COLLECTION TECHNIQUES Data collection techniques Data collection is a very essential aspect in all research studies. Normally, inaccurate data collection methods tend to have a very big impact to the results of the study and this eventually leads to invalid results. The data collection techniques in many casesRead MoreAnalysis Of Doing Gender 902 Words   |  4 Pages1.A. In the â€Å"doing gender†, author’s definition of sex is combined social condition and it is not just focus on the biological area. And also, author mentioned that different definition about sex, gender and sex category. Firstly, sex is build on traditional biological standard. It distinguished male or female by genitals. As the definition of sex, the people who was born without clearly character of male or female, those people called intersex. People’s definition of sex brings some bad influenceRead MoreWal Mart As A Research Organization883 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction For this research paper, I would like to select Wal-Mart as a research organization. Wal-Mart was initiated by Sam Walton in 1962. In addition, this is an American multinational retail corporation that runs chains of large discount department stores and warehouse stores in approximately 27 countries. Moreover, the organization operates its business throughout e-commerce websites in around 10 countries and in every week about 245 million customers visits these sites. Furthermore, asRead MoreThe Aspects Of Gender Roles779 Words   |  4 PagesAspects of gender roles that are especially relevant to understanding leadership, pertain to agentic and communal attributes (Eagly, Karau, Makhijani, 1995). Agentic characteristics are attributed more strongly to men than women. For example, males tend to be more aggressive, ambitious, dominant, forceful, independent, daring, self-confident, and competitive. In employment settings, agentic behaviors might include speaking assertively, competin g for attention, influencing others, initiating activityRead MoreHealth Professionals Attitudes Towards The Promotion Of Breastfeeding1679 Words   |  7 Pagesin this field they have their own opinions and attitudes about new moms and the health advantages of a mother breastfeeding her child. Ultimately, the purpose of reading the article and writing this critique is to get acquainted with reviewing a research article, thus being able to recognize the quality of a study and understand the attitudes of health professional’s towards the promotion of breastfeeding. Some of the major areas addressed in the literary review are whether or not the health professional’sRead MoreWorking On The African American s Project With My Group Members1133 Words   |  5 Pagesproject with my group members. I will share the process on how we completed the project as a team. In addition, I will my assessment of each member I worked with on this project. In addition, I will include my contribution to this project. Lastly, I will conclude my overall reflection of working on this project with my group mates and my decision if I would change anything about this project. I was assigned to the African American diverse group. My group chose Disability and Solution Focus as our two

Treatment Options for Childhood Onset Schizophrenia

Child Onset Schizophrenia Treatment Options The present clinical treatment strategies (pharmacological, psychosocial, family intervention) for child onset schizophrenia (COS) are varied and abundant but very costly because of its rarity and the number of sites required to research the disease (Asarnow, Thompson McGrath, 2004). Let it be noted that remission of COS is rare but it is the goal of research to accomplish. The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry places emphasis on antipsychotic medication, psychoeducation, psychotherapy, and social educational programs (Asarnow et al., 2004). Antipsychotic medication falls into two categories â€Å"novel† and â€Å"conventional† (Remington, Martin, Jain, Baskys Dickey, 1999, p. 55). The â€Å"novel† category contains risperidone, clozapine, quetiapine, and olanzapine. The â€Å"conventional† contains haloperidol, loxapine, molindone, pimozide chlorpromazine, and piperidine (Remington, Martin, Jain, Baskys Dickey, 1999, p. 55). The i n-depth discussion of all these is beyond the scope of this short paper and only contains a few of these medications. As noted earlier in this paper the three phases of COS treatment are acute, stabilization, and the maintenance phase. A pharmacological approach, using antipsychotic medication, is used during the acute phase of COS (Asarnow et al., 2004). It also needs to be noted that there is no completely safe (without side effects like tardive dyskinesia) antipsychotic, but some (e.g.Show MoreRelatedThe Issue Of Child Onset Schizophrenia Essay1612 Words   |  7 Pages SOWK 506- Fall 2015 Assignment #3: Child Onset Schizophrenia Becki Kennedy and Mary Marrone USC School of Social Work December 11, 2015 Martha Lyon-Levine Introduction This research paper focuses on the issue of child onset schizophrenia, specifically looking at the prognosis, symptoms, stigma, and most effective treatment options for children. 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NIKE And ADIDAS To Implement Customer Relationship Management Model

Question: Discuss about the Nike vs Adidas. Answer: Introduction In todays world the Customers are in charge. It has become a lot easier for Customers to switch their choice of brands in order to shop. This has made the customer relationship management a lot worthwhile than ever before. In view of this, Customer Relationship Management has become a Companys most cherished asset. This has been true even in business firms like NIKE and ADIDAS. Both the brands are becoming more and more customer-focussed which is one of their top most business strategies. These strategies are supported by the implementation of information technology. This notion has motivated the world famous brands like NIKE and ADIDAS to implement CRM Customer Relationship Management model as part of their business strategy and information systems. This move would improve their chances for major success in todays competitive world. Technology These strategies are supported by the implementation of information technology. This notion has motivated the world famous brands like NIKE and ADIDAS to implement CRM Customer Relationship Management model as part of their business strategy and information systems. This move would improve their chances for major success in todays competitive world. The World famous recognised brands like Nike and Adidas drive the Worlds sports market with their product originality as their main focus. Adidas in particular has built its brand on passion for sport where they have taken sole pride on their ethics and strong international roots with their active management who have strived for building their brand (Nike 2016). The brands have been fighting back to pre eminence in order to establish their product excellence. Nike and Adidas have grown exponentially from small firms to multi billion dollar global sports brands. Nike was operating with i2 demand application initially and its supply chain plans have used various business rules to configure it and have also used different formats to save the data which was difficult for them to integrate their different applications in use. The i2 software which was in use crashed frequently owing to the heavy customisation which was required in their legacy systems. Nike had to develop a lot of work arounds in order to download the required data on a timely basis and they had to reload the supply chain data manually by deploying the required resources and quality departmental professionals whenever the application was required. Consultants were deployed on work frequently to construct and enable the bridges to work with the i2 demand supply planner software (Koch 2004). With the use of such applications there was a large damage which was done to their sales and inventory. At this juncture SAP R/3 system was adapted by all the major brands to bring in a revolution in their technological systems and they have decided to move out of the i2 demand supply planner application. Both the brands have chosen to integrate their respective operations onto a single platform using the ERP SAP system. The main objective of Nike was integrate ERP, Supply Chain Management and CRM functions onto a single platform in the entire US, Middle East, Europe and Africa. Nike made a stronger decision to adapt and implement the risky strategy of SAP ERP System for every Employee. All the employees had to agree on the business practices of the software. Nike chose to implement this strategy especially in the CRM and Supply Chain and they have decided to implement the SAP R/3 software. They have also collaborated with the i2 supply demand and collaboration planner software applications into the overall system using middleware STC (Koch 2004). The SAP system roll out has taken a larger amount of time and has taken the consensus of all the employees to agree to conduct their business using this system. The implementation of the technological platforms in ADIDAS has happened on a different shift where the brand has focussed on building stronger relationships with its retailers in order to maximise on the cost advantages in managing their sales. The brand has separated its customer base of its retailers through which it operates its business into three different groups like major accounts, larger retailers and small to middle retailers (Adidas Salomon 2003). ADIDAS has also managed its ROI rundown by motivating their Service Sales force to use SAP CRM System to make their product sales to their Customers. The individual contributions have resulted in the growth of their revenues from GBP 257000 SINCE 2002 2003. In order to address and solve any of their internal issues related to any service they have created a Compact Service Group which maintains and provides service for all their product requirements. ADIDAS has implemented SAP CRM system since 2000 in order to enhance their compact service and has been the first amongst the Sports brand to implement and rollout SAP within their Compact Service Group. Recommendations ADIDAS has a stronger implementation of the technology than NIKE as they had a major focus on building a stronger relation with all their retailers and have focussed on catering to the needs of all their third parties who even felt neglected by the Compact Service Group (Mahdi, Abbas and Mazar 2015). They came up with a unique strategy to ramp up their relationship building abilities designing an exclusive customer data base application which could maintain product purchase history and service information using the SAP R/3 System. NIKE could have implemented the technological revolution a simpler format than opting for a massive customisation with the i2 demand system. Conclusion The Technological transformations chosen by ADIDAS have helped them to establish a Customer Interaction Centre to solve all the issues related to the product and sales categories which were supported by the SAP CRM System. They could build more profitable relationships with all their retailers using the SAP CRM System. Their main strength was the integration which they could achieve using their existing SAP R/3 System, Data Warehouse and CTI Technologies which could provide the required support to their Compact Service Agents. The Pilot implementation of SAP R/3 Systems could generate over 1 million GBP for the ADIDAS brand. The choice of implementing the SAP R/3 System could avoid all the issues related to their Customers and they could integrate all their orders to their Customer profiles. NIKE and ADIDAS have seen a growth in the workflow which was enabled by the SAP R/3 System. Operations Adidas and Nike have been the biggest sports brands which were in a high end competition since their inception. The brands have similar products in the sports category like shoes, clothing, sports products like equipment and athletic products. The brands are very popular and they have a large customer base where they compete with each other to make their profits and to outperform each other in their revenues. The only difference in the brands is that Nike has made its strong hold in the US markets and ADIDAS has its hold in Europe (Chronicle 2015). There are times when the brands suffer to maintain their revenues against each other and that is a point where they come up with different strategies to outperform and maintain their standard in the markets. For example ADIDAS has suffered some sales losses in the recent years where they have decided to maintain and keep up their standards by reviving their inventory management. In the year 2014 ADIDAS has seen a slump of 25 29% in their sales during their last quarter than NIKE which has outperformed them. As per the previous system, the retail partners of NIKE placed their orders 6 months prior to their requirement and they used to forward their orders to the other manufacturing units in the world. ADIDAS has come up with a new strategy where they have decided to maintain their stocks to an optimum level where they could increase their inventory management. By adapting and implementing this strategy the brand has decided to keep surplus stock to make up for their losses. This is on a contrary side to the strategy of NIKE where they dont stock on excessive products as this strategy might cause losses whenever newer products are released in a specific category like Golf. In a general context Golf Products are very expensive and maintaining surplus products in this category alone might attract losses to the brand. When ADIDAS has incurred losses they have focussed on reducing their inventory than increasing their sales in order to ensure that they can make up for their losses (Bizjournals 2015). By doing this ADIDAS will be able to better cope with issues related to inventory management than coping with the product categories. ADIDAS was confident that by maintaining their inventory management they will be able to increase their sales and their margins. ADIDAS being a major competitor to NIKE should not slow down on their sales and in turn should take major moves to revive their sales in all aspects (Hanrahan 2003). If possible they should not leave any product or any aspect of business unexplored in terms of competing with the bigger brands like NIKE (Wall street daily 2014). By having a stronger hold on the inventory management, ADIDAS will be able to have a stronger hold on their cost centre where they could reduce their costs on maintaining their resources and improve their financial health. ADIDAS will be able to perform better if they would implement the 3 As strategy in their inventory management which can enable them to adapt themselves to more newer trends, aligning themselves to the newer product categories and being agile to the newer environment. The secondary aspect which can prove more profitable in maintaining the inventory is to address the issues in the inventory management like procuring and maintaining the inventory which also includes minimising the cost of investment in inventory which could lead to smoother production which can in turn increase the profitability and margins (Baden-Fuller Morgan 2010). In the case of NIKE they have strategized in terms of maintaining an effective inventory control system in 1999 when they have suffered losses in 1998. They have increased their efficiency in cost control and inventory management which has given them a sales growth of 13% in 1999 though it was a lesser marginal increase than their whopping increase of 43% in 1997. Challenges of maintaining inventory control systems The main challenges which ADIDAS and NIKE faced were to maintain operational and financial initiatives. The brands should maintain their inventory costs at a lower level which can allow them to adapt to the changing market trends. In a financial perspective they should be adapt conservative methods to their cost structures and they should also cut their operational costs. For example NIKE reduced their operational costs by almost $200 million than all its competitors (Teece 2010). Their main objective was to increase their margins in the financially stronger markets like the Asia Pacific region where customers are financially stronger and can invest in their product category. Also NIKE has sponsored the 2000 Olympics in Australia and 2002 Cup in Japan and in Korea which had a new start for a lot of sports into the global markets. This type of a diverse exposure has given an additional opportunity to NIKE to introduce new types of apparel and sports products in their product list whic h could attract more and more newer customers towards their brand. In addition to the above strengths NIKE was also strong in their communication where they could prove to be strong in using the technology media in communicating their efforts to their Customers worldwide. They have invested in upgrading their technological platforms to the newest product category which enabled them to be more sophisticated in maintaining their Communication and in monitoring their inventory data on a real time basis (News Nike nd). This has also enabled them to be more efficient in maintaining their sales, credit authorization, electronic systems and their processing efficiency. Recommendations Inventory Management is an essential method of reviving their sales for ADIDAS than NIKE however implementing this strategy alone will not have a direct influence on the margins of the products and might have a major influence on their sales. For example if ADIDAS had maintained any unpopular products in their stock they would have an opportunity to reduce the products in order to minimise their potential losses of those products which might remain in their stock (Powers Hahn 2004). Being above their other competitors in the market has given a winning edge for NIKE where they could convert all their products or their assets into cash whenever they required. They had lesser obligations than their competitors in the market (Nikeresponsibility2014). The same trend could be adapted and implemented by ADIDAS where they could maintain lesser inventory and could also convert their product base into cash whenever required (Wall street daily 2014). Conclusion The Product based companies should adapt and implement various policies and strategies including the Corporate Responsibility Policy where they could strategize and implement policies which could be in alignment with the acceptable working standards for their employees. This would ensure that the Employees would work in a better way to improve the quality of their products and services which could improve the revenue of the Company. The brands should be open to competition at all levels and should create a niche market for their products. The brands ADIDAS and NIKE should strengthen themselves in the areas of research and development which could give them more opportunities to prove their products in the market. They should also make the most of the technology which could enable them to reach out to more and more Customers in order to establish themselves in the market. References Nike. Sustainable Innovation. Retrieved on Aug 14th 2016. https://about.nike.com/pages/sustainable-innovation Adidas Salomon (2003). CRM ROI Review: Optimizing Returns on Customer Centric Strategies. Vol 2 No 10. Retrieved on Aug 14th 2016. https://fm.sap.com/pdf/great/adidas_Salomon.pdf Wallstreetdaily (2014). Adidas kicks it up. Retrieved on Aug 14th 2016. https://www.wallstreetdaily.com/2014/11/11/adidas-nike/ William Hanrahan (2003). Business Environmental Audit Critically assess the strategic direction of Nike brand. Retrieved on Aug 14th 2016. https://www2.warwick.ac.uk/alumni/services/eportfolios/bsqjfb/nike.pdf News Nike (nd). The Visual History of the Nike Track Spike. Retrieved on August 14th 2016. https://news.nike.com/ Whos leading the way in web marketing. Its NIKE of course O Malley, Gavin Advertising Age, 000188899, 10/16/2006, Vol 77 Source: Ebs cohost Adidas Group. (n.d.). Retrieved from Adidas Group: https://www.adidas-group.com/en/group/strategy-overview/ Adidas Group. (n.d.). Retrieved from Adidas Group: https://www.adidas-group.com/en/media/news-archive/pressreleases/2010/adidas-group-presents-2015-strategic-business-plan/ Adidas Group FINANCIAL REPORTS. (2015, 3 5). Retrieved from Adidas Group: https://www.adidasgroup.com/media/filer_public/2b/2f/2b2fd619-5444-4ee8-9c07-baa878d658c4/2014_gb_en.pdf Baden-Fuller, C., Morgan, M. (2010). Business models as models. Long Range Planning, 43((23)), 156171. Bizjournals. (2015). Retrieved March 20, 2105, from https://www.bizjournals.com Chronicle, H. (2015, 3 4). Smallbusiness.com. Retrieved from https://smallbusiness.chron.com Geoffrion, A., Krishnan, R. (2003). E-business and management science: mutual impacts (Part 1 of 2). Management Science, 49, 12751286. Powers, T.L., Hahn, W. (2004). Critical competitive methods, generic strategies, and firm performance. The International Journal of Bank Marketing, 22(1), 4364. Nikeresponsibility. (2014). Nike SUSTAINABLE Business PERFORMANCE Summary. Retrieved March 19, 2015, from https://www.nikeresponsibility.com/report Teece, D, J. (2010) Business models, business strategy and innovation, Long range planning. 43 pp. 172-194 Hussain A. Ali Mahdi , Mohammed Abbas , Taher Ilyas Mazar (2015). A Comparitive Analysis of Strategies and Business Models of Nike and Adidas Group. Retrieved on Aug 14th 2016. https://www.ijbmer.com/docs/volumes/vol6issue3/ijbmer2015060302.pdf

Qualitative Research Methods free essay sample

Question 1 Compare and contrast the following qualitative research methods: case study, phenomenological, and grounded theory. Synthesize the findings and determine which is best suited to a study on your potential dissertation topic. Analyze the issues associated with sample selection, validity, and bias in such a study. Qualitative Research Methods Introduction It is common for researchers to compare qualitative and quantitative research methods. Quantitative methods originate from positivist and post- positivist research paradigms.Also, the methods objectively examine statistical data to determine cause and affect and often use generalizable data. There are various methods used in quantitative research such as surveys, experiments, statistical analysis, and numerical modeling (Myers 1997; Creswell 2003). Therefore, such a researcher gains knowledge through the use of hypotheses, measurement, and observation. In contrast, the focus of qualitative research methods is on relativistic and constructivist ontology that suggest a lack of objective reality (Lythcott Duschl, 1990).In some ways, participants construct realities by imposing their experiences on social and cultural phenomena. We will write a custom essay sample on Qualitative Research Methods or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There are five types of qualitative research methods: case study, ethnography, phenomenology, grounded theory, and narrative research. These methods allow researchers to gather an in-depth understanding of social and cultural phenomena using inquiry tactics to determine the why, when, where, what, and how of the study. The qualitative inquiry is subject to the participant’s interpretations of the occurrences through observation and in-depth interviews. The purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast three of the five qualitative research methods: case study, phenomenological, and grounded theory. According to Merriam (1998), the research methods are similar in their quest for understanding and meaning, data collection and analysis, the use of surveys, an inductive orientation analysis, and findings that are descriptive. In contrast, there are differences in qualitative research terms: disciplinary orientation (ethnography, phenomenology); function (grounded theory); form (case study, basic qualitative study).In conclusion, since this researcher’s potential dissertation topic is on women in leadership, the objective of this research is to evaluate case study, phenomenological, and grounded theory. In effort to better understand the challenges women in leadership face in climbing the corporate ladder; this researcher selected the phenomenological method for conducting the research. Then, the plan is to synthesize the fin dings, and in conclusion, analyze the issues associated with sample selection, validity, and bias as they pertain to women in leadership. Qualitative Research MethodsThere are three research methods: qualitative, quantitative, or mixed method to execute a study. According to Creswell (2009), the differences between these research methodologies are as follows: qualitative research collects descriptive and narrative data intentionally to understanding the perspective of the study. Also, it uses observation and unstructured interviews to explore the topic broadly. Quantitative research collects data and numerically codes and statistically analyzes it to determine the findings of the study. Also, it uses experiments, surveys and measurements to determine results.Last, mixed methodology research uses both qualitative and quantitative approaches to research the topic. Although, a researcher can use quantitative or mixed research for a study on women in leadership, and achieve significant analytical findings. The option chosen for this study is to employ a qualitative research methodology. According to Jones, Kriflik, and Zanko (2005), qualitative research methodology focuses on the human experience as it relates to social and cultural phenomena. Therefore, this study will examine the social and cultural phenomena of women in leadership in a male dominated society.In addition, this approach explores how the phenomenon is studied through assumptions and answers to the what in the study (Lee, 1992). Thus, this method gives a researcher an in-depth understanding of the participants’ experiences using qualitative inquiry to determine the why, when, where, what, and how of the study. Qualitative research is subject to judgments about the data and synthesizes the findings using specialized approaches such as experimental or non-experimental. Researchers often opt to use non-experimental approaches in studies using surveys, interviews, observations, and case studies.Even though an experimental approach is appropriate in quantitative research, it further enables resear chers to find answers and collect data (Bagozzi Yi, 2012). This approach is unique in its hypotheses and the study of behavior, making it valid and reliable. They are five types of approaches to select within qualitative research: case study, ethnography, phenomenology, grounded theory, and narrative research. Each research method is distinct in its approach towards inquiry within the qualitative paradigm in terms of appearance, conditions, focus, and theories (Creswell, 1998).There are also similarities in these approaches such as characteristics and assumptions concerning the context of the study. This research evaluates each approach and determines that the phenomenology method is best suited for the study of women in leadership and the challenges they face climbing the corporate ladder. Case Study Research Method A case study research is an empirical inquiry in which a researcher investigates participants, events, activities, and processes. According to Creswell (2009), the empirical inquiry collects data from multiple sources and exami nes them in detail over a period of time. The main purpose of a case study is to gain an in-depth understanding of the study’s process and outcome. Therefore, a researcher uses four factors: creates research questions, investigates tactics, sets up variables, and predicts an outcome. There are three types of case studies: (a) an instrumental case study focuses on the general aspects of the case; (b) an intrinsic case study focuses on understanding the details of the case; and (c) a collective case study which allows a researcher to compare multiple cases within a single research (Stake, 1995).The commonality among the three types of case studies is the descriptive or exploratory design which depends on the strategy of the study. Exploratory research emphasizes the relationship between factors; whereas, descriptive research focuses on documenting conditions, attitudes or characteristics of participants in the study (Creswell, 2009). Therefore, a researcher must structure the research questions to produce answers that identify the purpose statement.Miles and Huberman (1994) suggest the questions be quasi-deductive which is open-ended and structured directly from the conceptual framework in terms of variables, relationships and context. A case study is specific in its data collection approach such as in ethnographic and observational strategies. Researchers often use the ethnographic approach because it enhances the investigation by including culture, organization, and groups (Creswell, 2009). However, observational strategies enable researchers to examine the data through fieldwork, records, and reports.